Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) of major drinking water sources at household level incorporating boiling treatment effect

This study conducted a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), incorporating the effect of boiling water, on major sources drinking water for households in Afikpo North LGA, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from12 boreholes (n =36), popular spring (n= 36) and four brands sachet 36).The analysed laboratory colonies microorganisms, coliform organisms, E. coli, Salmonella spp Giardia lamblia. Data specific parameters population =1150). The include daily consumption per person day (L/person/day), fraction thepopulatonexposed to contaminated source under consideration, percentage ofthe vulnerableto pathogenic infection among exposed population,the pathogen strike rate each source, probability that is boiled before drinking. Quantitative was performed concentrations coli (CFU/L), lamblia (Cyst/L) samples. From findings, diarrhea significantly highin all examined. ranged between0.090 0.190 borehole 0.004 0.032 0.039 0.125 sources. implication an urgent need regualte operation boreholes, protect enforce standards processes production, distribution storage LGA.